5/11/2023 0 Comments Embrace dentalTheir beliefs are closely linked with those of the Romantics, but differ by an attempt to embrace or, at least, to not oppose the empiricism of science. It is primarily concerned with personal freedom. Transcendentalists are strong believers in the power of the individual. The group was mostly made up of struggling aesthetes, the wealthiest among them being Samuel Gray Ward, who, after a few contributions to The Dial, focused on his banking career. This is the underlying theme in the majority of transcendentalist essays and papers-all of which are centered on subjects which assert a love for individual expression. Notably, the transcendence of the spirit, most often evoked by the poet's prosaic voice, is said to endow in the reader a sense of purpose. There was, however, a second wave of transcendentalists later in the 19th century, including Moncure Conway, Octavius Brooks Frothingham, Samuel Longfellow and Franklin Benjamin Sanborn. "All that can be said", Emerson wrote, "is that she represents an interesting hour and group in American cultivation". Second wave of transcendentalists īy the late 1840s, Emerson believed that the movement was dying out, and even more so after the death of Margaret Fuller in 1850. From 1840, the group frequently published in their journal The Dial, along with other venues. Female members included Sophia Ripley, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Peabody, Ellen Sturgis Hooper, and Caroline Sturgis Tappan. Other members of the club included Amos Bronson Alcott, Orestes Brownson, Theodore Parker, Henry David Thoreau, William Henry Channing, James Freeman Clarke, Christopher Pearse Cranch, Convers Francis, Sylvester Judd, and Jones Very. Transcendentalism became a coherent movement and a sacred organization with the founding of the Transcendental Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on September 12, 1836, by prominent New England intellectuals, including George Putnam (Unitarian minister), Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Frederic Henry Hedge. Thus, transcendentalism was not born as a counter-movement to Unitarianism, but as a parallel movement to the very ideas introduced by the Unitarians. Instead, they longed for a more intense spiritual experience. The transcendentalists were not content with the sobriety, mildness, and calm rationalism of Unitarianism. Transcendentalism was not a rejection of Unitarianism rather, it developed as an organic consequence of the Unitarian emphasis on free conscience and the value of intellectual reason. It started to develop after Unitarianism took hold at Harvard University, following the elections of Henry Ware as the Hollis Professor of Divinity in 1805 and of John Thornton Kirkland as President in 1810. Transcendentalism is closely related to Unitarianism, a religious movement in Boston in the early nineteenth century. It was also strongly influenced by Hindu texts on philosophy of the mind and spirituality, especially the Upanishads. Perry Miller and Arthur Versluis regard Emanuel Swedenborg and Jakob Böhme as pervasive influences on transcendentalism. Transcendentalism emerged from "English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Johann Gottfried Herder and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the skepticism of David Hume", and the transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and German idealism. ![]() The doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School was closely related. It arose as a reaction, to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. Emphasizing subjective intuition over objective empiricism, its adherents believe that individuals are capable of generating completely original insights with little attention and deference to past masters. Transcendentalism is one of the first philosophical currents that emerged in the United States it is therefore a key early point in the history of American philosophy. Transcendentalists saw physical and spiritual phenomena as part of dynamic processes rather than discrete entities. Transcendentalists saw divine experience inherent in the everyday, rather than believing in a distant heaven. A core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature, and while society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, people are at their best when truly " self-reliant" and independent. Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in New England.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |